The pleasure principle is a theory whose development was based on Sigmund Freud in particular on the findings of dream analysis. Contrary to popular misconception relates the pleasure principle of psychic energy ("libido") is not alone in the pursuit of "sexual" pleasure, but is relevant for all types of needs or deficiencies that make up the animal to get around to his way of needs. According to the chart over here, is clear - based on the ES - a bifurcation of the libido into two main areas: toward the top of the shoots intellectual, physical and downward of the Which can be distinguished by 5 different needs.
The "pleasure principle" has thus also is the need for Energiaufnahme / diet, which directly serves only the preservation of life of the organism. Sexual satisfaction however is in the service of propagation, social and erotic in which the formation of communities and the mental in the quest for knowledge, their preparation, both in itself is pleasurable, and even the general condition each of the 6 shape or form, nature-lust is.
"It is (therefore) not possible lustvoll zu leben, ohne dass man vernunftgemäß, schön und gerecht lebt, noch vernunftgemäß, schön und gerecht ohne lustvoll zu leben." Epikur
( Für Kritik oder Verständnisfragen : uwepodolski@gmx.de )
1. Das Lustprinzip
... 1.1 Entwicklung der Theorie
... 1.2 Formulierung des Prinzips
... 1.3 Spannung und Entspannung - Wirken des Prinzips
... 1.4 Verhältnis der Lust-/Unlustdynamik zur psychoanalytischen Theory
second Lust
.... 2.1 awareness and desire
.... 2.2 Lust degeneration (replacement needs)
.... 03/02 pleasure as health criterion
.... 2.4 Even evidence of pleasure
.... 2.5 In the third Sciences
The reality principle
..... 3.1. Sense determination
..... 3.2. Functioning
..... 3.3. Failure of the ego
..... 3.4. Wiederaufrichtung
1 -- Entwicklung der Theorie
Die in den früheren Werken vertretene Hypothese eines scheinbar nur im Sexuellen wirkenden Lustprinzips war bedingt von den an sog. Hysterie leidenden, ersten Patientinnen Freuds, deren Assoziationen gehäuft zu den Genitalien und ihren Lustempfindungen verwiesen. Diese wurden vor 100 Jahren ausschließlich der Sexualität zugerechnet. Aus Beobachtungen von Kleinkindern schloss Freud dann auf ein von Geburt an bestehendes Luststreben, das derart vielgestaltig und unspezifisch war, dass er es nicht als Vorläufer ausschließlicher sexueller Lust zu bezeichnen vermochte. Stattdessen he devised to name the child's behavior like the concept of "polimorphen perversions" - a trick that seemed necessary to contemporary of his colleagues understand a greater power to be, because these children feel like physical activity have consistently denied. His childhood was as "asexual", defined as the innocent angel status within the meaning of the Church. In general it was 1900 all kinds of pleasure that do not directly and exclusively in the service of procreation are - like the "homo erotic" Lust exchange (erroneously: homosexuality) - a "perverse" degeneration (- while the appetite with "Lust . To "comment as an impropriety, knits at the dinner table was to be avoided obscenity)
The child polimorph-perverse impulses comment on Freud's view that not only in the satisfaction of the sexual organs: masturbation already in the cradle, 'Play Doctor 'but more generally, in any form of pleasure by physical contact, skin rubbing on skin to several, but in objects themselves, sucking, suck with or without food, excretion, nose picking, etc., all other kinds of the diverse, then so-called' perversions' / a term, then, was never taken literally by Freud (Latin perverse: twisted, unnatural, abartig. Griech.: poli: viel und morphéin: Gestalt), und dessen Verwendung heute in diesem Zusammenhange überholt ist.
Nicht zu dem vielgestaltigen gesunden Lustverhalten der Kinder gehört nach Freud die vollzogene Begattung; sie setzt die hormonell-physische Entwicklung voraus, welche erst während der Pubertät erreicht wird. Jedoch üben Kinder unter einander dieses Verhalten in ihren Spielen, sofern sie nicht durch die Lustfeindlichkeit der moralischen Erziehung eingeschränkt werden. Schon Ansätze davon führen Freuds Theorie zufolge zu einer Einschränkung der natürlichen Antriebe (s.a. Neurose) und dem respektiven Phänomen der beim sittlich erzogenen Menschen kaum beobachtbaren angeborenen Verhaltensmuster ('Instinkte'). Allerdings akzeptieren andere Richtungen - selbst sog. "Psychoanalytiker" - diesen Ansatz nicht und vertreten abweichende oder konträre Hypothesen.
Beispielsweise sieht der Soziologe Arnold Gehlen hinter diesem von Freud eher als Neurosis erachteten Phänomen keine Erkrankung der Psyche; er nimmt stattdessen an, der Mensch habe seine Instinkte im Lauf der Evolution aus dem Erbgut verloren und als kompensatorisch volltauglichen Ersatz sein einmalig großes Ego erworben. Für eine kritische Betrachtung dieser unter dem Stichwort Instinktreduktion publizierten und unseres Erachtens sehr tendenziösen Hypothese, wäre es nützlich, jene 6 angeborenen Behavior and needs to be discussed as belonging to the ethology as the higher animals evolves to compare the behavior of humans and its possible "replacement needs." This project hoped to Freud in The discomfort in the culture of a future primate research, which then was Konrad Lorenz's ethological since the draft method for the study of behavior enables / see also http://freenet-homepage.de/Traumanalyse -Seelenmodell/pg005.html).
formulation of the principle
situate the origin of all forms of pleasure Freud on the biological level in a universal, driving life-force energy, which he called the "libido". Here, too, is still often overlooked by critics and supporters of Freud that he has not considered as being limited solely to sexuality. Scientifically comparable to the libido of the "life force" or "elan vital" in the sense of Henri Bergson, who tries to introduce in principle with Freud same principle in the evolution theory of Darwin, because pure interaction of random (unpredictable mutation) and necessity in the selection the environment most suitable to him mutants seemed to mechanistic. A later attempt to Freud, who was inspired by Einstein, represents the assumption that the libido must be in the form of Energy quantum materialize, and act as such in the living organisms, a hypothesis that was intended for the unification of physics and psychology and is capable of but was given no more attention to Freud more.
monistic in itself, is not itself empirically measurable energy reflected from the moment of their realization or materialization dualistic, assumes that according to Freud, psycho-physical, intellectual, physical or time-spatial forms and behaviors, so also the aspect of statics and dynamics. Both are then only in the "ES" - Freud's concept of the soul (not to be confused with the religious soul of view) - united in harmony especially in the moment when the balance between the security has been made painfully reporting basic needs and their (lustful) satisfaction.
An unsatisfied basic need, therefore essentially creates energy stress - either physical rather or more intellectual level, whichever was the 6 needs it, which remained unsatisfied. In question are, for example, loneliness social tensions caused by frustration, or uncertainty as a result of a matter that is not (mentally ) has been clarified. Both require its own ways for satisfaction (pleasure to appeasement of desire ').
The procedure According to the principle of Trieböknomie, that invests the energy initially something of themselves to the production of unpleasant feelings such as "hunger" to effect, only the inner perception cause the organism, according to their appeasement suitable objects to search using as value of the investment desire won. (See also the remarks in Lacan's object small a.)
tension and relaxation - action of the principle
The libido is according to Freud, the source of all pain and pleasure sensations. It has the I / consciousness - as Freud that competent for all internal and external perception, open to talented instance decisions of the psyche appointed - the task to search for clarity, or to an external source of life. These are people and food, and as well as scientific test objects that are capable of mutually pleasurable skin contact, incorporation (in terms of food) and experimental manipulation with consideration of the results until the eureka effect of a natural science-based Enlightenment to reduce tensions, which in the previous frustrations as a feeling of displeasure have become aware of it.
ratio of Lust-/Unlustdynamik to psychoanalytic theory
Was the mental turmoil of a mysterious, obtained from frightening and / or pleasurable symbols acting dream, Freud called on you to win free associations of the symbols of the dream. These associations are in his teaching, the central means for the purpose of facilitation of the "Royal Route in the unconscious, dream analysis, based on Freud the pleasure principle and discovered from their findings, he has collected the bulk of its findings
The Psycho-analysis as is their theory itself - as all the symbols of dreams and even our language * - only an expression of their libido and pleasure principle in the field of mind, not according to the energy and its first formulated by Epicurus pleasure principle of striving und Meidens von Unlust identisch. (* Zur Vertiefung s. unter "Symbollehre", Psychoanalyse.) Entsprechend erhebt, und kann die Theorie an sich keinen Anspruch auf absolute Wahrheit erheben, da dies ihre Erstarrung in einer bestimmten Form bedeuten würde, die Forschung überflüssig macht. Anstatt dessen stellt sie sich zwecks weiterer Verbesserung zur Diskussion. Gesundes Diskutieren verschafft Lust wie alle gesunden Bedürfnisse (die man von "Ersatzbedürfnissen" unterscheiden muß). Es stellt einen Aspekt des "Forschens" und seiner Experimentierfreude dar, die im Geist für sich betrachtet, ohne sonstige Absichten oder Bedürfnisse, nur der durch "Lust" spürbar werdenden Befriedigung des Grundbedürfnisses “Wissensdrang”/ "Curiosity" is used. It's like the food: By winning a plausible finding one is satisfied. After a while, there is the need for a repetition of pleasure through food or information processing. Even more basic needs: the desire for pleasurable skin contact, eg, sociability and sexuality, as stated above are acceptable.
2 - awareness and desire
Lust is a particularly intense, pleasant way of feeling, which is fundamentally different in two aspects. Very spiritual nature, the pleasurable feelings which, for example, while the actively developed Logic of a statement setting, however, in the passive enjoyable viewing such as a gorgeous grown tree or beautiful human body (see aesthetics). This can be found then the physical ways of pleasing, the urge for an early re-triggering emotion (see emotion, feeling), used in the treats, the good feeling of tension and relaxation as a massage after a long work, in good spirits and all the desires that are rooted in existential needs ("Want to ..."). The attraction quality of pleasure shown by the fact that - seen in isolation - is wanted by anyone with direct experience (pleasure principle). Lust is by being healthy, and then only partially rejected only under the condition that causes them to be aware, would have serious disadvantages, would not waive the satisfaction of the current need. For example, a hungry gazelle, entgegenfunkelt from the only juicy patch of grass far and away the hungry glint of the eyes of a leopard, instinctively put their appetite for their own 'treats' for a while and go on the run, this outweighs the more fundamental need for Keep the love of life after the diet, the stilling of moving to a more convenient time.
Lustentartung (Ersatzbedürfnisse)
Eine vom Gesunden gänzlich abweichende Form von Lust findet sich bei den sogenannten "Ersatzbedürfnissen" , z. B. den fälschlich so genannten "Lustmorden", die zwar im Zusammenhang stehen mit der Attraktion erotischer Begierden; zum Mord kommt es jedoch nicht etwa aus Lust, sondern infolge ihrer Pervertierung, wahrscheinlich Panik, in die der Mörder innerlich gerät, weil sein angeborenermaßen gesund zur Welt geborenes Lustempfinden während frühester Kindheit psychisch schwer traumatisiert worden ist (- als Frauenmörder und Vergewaltiger vermutlich von der Mutter. [Siehe hierzu Alfred Hitchcocks Film Psycho .]) Auch here, however, may lead to the discovery of adverse consequences of such acts for the purpose of taming the time being fully conscious shift. Same for other replacement needs, the consequences outside the immediate attractive experience are (for example, if after the by heroin use caused is detected regressive to the comprehensive comforting total security within the womb, reminiscent feelings of pleasure that heroin harms the health, and a 'delightful 'planned nuclear war could lead to world destruction. See Stanley Kubrick's film Dr. No,. Or How I Learned to love the bomb).
pleasure as health criterion
"dependency" is not a criterion, addictions or replacement needs from basic needs to be distinguished. It would otherwise healthy people, the "addict" and "suffering" are mentioned because they do not have / want to, eat with full enjoyment, for example. Judgement criterion as a scientifically based health model of congenital, that is naturally given, truly life-enhancing and fun "basic needs" is required. The presence of morbid, really hostile and full of suffering "replacement needs" is the harmful suppression of basic needs in the "unconscious" forward, as the cause comes after the ideas of Freud's psychoanalysis only education on the basis of the prohibited anti-pleasure morality in question ...
self-evidence of the desire
is philosophically like most philosophers in-Self-valuable ". It therefore plays an important role in the various engines and need lessons. Already in ancient philosophy, the pleasure (and avoidance of pain) given a high priority (see, Plato, Symposium, Epicurus and garden). The Angenehmsein of pleasure shows a direct, clear and emotionally comprehensible even without any understanding of their goals. (- You do not actually eat in order to bring the sugar level, but for pleasure, not procreation is a basic need, but the perceived pleasure in copulation.) pleasures are in the broad sense, a 'self-generating' experience and the physical way fundamentally different from those of the aesthetic senses and those of the directly in the spirit of developing thoughts, ideas and logical sensations. The feeling of physical pleasure experienced but can connect with all possible types of both the perception and the mental logic and cause them to "feel coloration".
is striving for pleasure not to a specific class of experiences, but works in all, therefore it is in the modern sense of psychology as a "contingent" (- caused by internal and external conditions, but not logically "necessary" to explain) understood. (Peter Schmidt, 2001, 2005). Without variability of feeling between pleasure and pain always at the same intensity of 'emotions', would be neither man nor other living beings capable of action. Thus, the quality of the pleasure experience not only the real motive is all action - (even with the "duty" for positive feelings of certain species, such as pain avoidance, the crucial role) - but conditioned like the behavior of the positively perceived Learn that generates strong ties to those things or people with whom it is experienced.
Im Verhältnis zum angenehmen Gefühl im Allgemeinen ist Lust ein eher engerer Begriff, aber mit ähnlicher Bedeutung wie z. B. das angenehme Gefühls im weiteren Sinne. Während positive Gefühle als Angenehmsein sich z. B. auch bei schwerer körperlicher Betätigung und sozialem Engagement bis hin zur Selbstaufgabe zeigen können, wird der Begriff der Lust im Alltagssprachgebrauch eher dem Bereich des Sexuellen, dem Geschmack und den körperlichen Genüssen und Wohlgefühlen zugeordnet.
Dem Gegenteil von Lust - der Unlust - entsprechen dieselben Charakteristika in entgegengesetzter Erlebnisqualität: Unlust wird für sich selbst gesehen als negativ erfahren und daher gemieden. Darüber hinaus hat Unlust, wie alle von ihr bedingten negativen Gefühle (Schmerz, Trauer, Angst usw.), eine wichtige Funktion innerhalb unserer Motivationen: ihr sind stets Hinweise auf körperliche, seelische oder anderweitige Probleme immanent.
In den Wissenschaften
In Zusammenhang mit unbefriedigt gebliebenen Ersatzbedürfnissen (etwa einem frustrierten Drang nach Lustmorden) können leichter zu ertragende Unlustgefühle auftreten. Diese Tatsache macht die Forderung Epikurs begreiflich, dass man für die Erreichung der Glückseligkeit -die "eudaimonia" - nicht nur ganz bestimmte Arten von Unlust meiden, sondern auch die Vernunft walten lassen müsse, da wir without a sound model of care our desires can not be distinguished from nature-friendly needs. This view is also based on the psychoanalytic debate about the phenomenon of impoverishment instinct that has encouraged new of Freud among others through his work The discomfort in the culture.
in psychology is like the name for a subjectively pleasant sensation. In psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud's legitimate desire to be all traced back to one primal force, the libido, which constitutes a universal, biological (Trieb-/Energie, the realization principle and the pleasure procure the instinctive, innate desire for satisfaction of needs, while Avoidance of pain is inherent (see pleasure principle). The needs of trying to Freud because Medinziner as coming from biology, to anchor in this and the way of dream interpretation alone in nature and its laws and to distinguish their respective functions and determination to. Thus, the lustful curiosity satisfaction'm always in the service of self-and environmental knowledge and its two aspects: looking for life-term purpose of avoiding, and find the source of satisfaction of any basic need, "as including the urge for energy / nutrition and pleasant climate.
plays a major role in Sigmund Freud's theory that "sexuality", which according to Darwin in the service of female Proliferation and implemented through the creation of the natural male competition Zuchtwahlgeseztes is found in the "positive" and "negative mutants" divorced and the former are only approved for the breeding, mindermutierten displacing conspecifics. Metapsychological is according to Freud's theory, the monistic Urtriebkraft libido start at the very moment of its materialization after two while various, yet to distinguish symbiotic complementary aspects, which he - his fondness for the ancient philosophers paying tribute - named after two Greek gods:
>> the "Eros" (as the attraction of opposites: Synthesis; Life, desire, creation, interior, Connect, 'Male') and
>> the "Thanatos" (as a rejection of equals: analysis, death, rejection, destruction, foreign, separate, 'Male'). (See also "The Anima & The Animus" in CG Jung's archetype theory.)
the universal harmony "floating" rings of these two complementary aspects of the same Ur-Energy "libido," Freud saw - as Heraclitus and Epicurus before him - nothing destructive, but, conversely, the constructive and be there fighting the cause of each of the observable symbols, the 'father' of all things, "Species" and our Denken immanenten Gegensätze...
Ungeklärt bis zum Ende seines Lebens, blieb die Herkunft des in der Tat destruktiven, sadomasochistischen "Narzissmus"-Syndroms, an dem ausschließlich der Mensch leidet, das Freud versuchsweise als biologischen "Trieb" definierte, nämlich so genannt "TodesTRIEB", für den er jedoch in der gesamten Natur nichts entdecken konnte, das sich in einer Hinterfragung der jeweiligen Zusammenhänge bewährte; es braucht kein Trieb angenommen werden, aufgrund dessen die Lebewesen sterben. Der Zusatz des Begriffes "Trieb" ist also eine irreführende Bezeichnung des Syndroms "Narzissmus"; hypothetisch sollte es weder dem naturwissenschaftlich verankerten Fachgebiet biology be attributed to more of metapsychology, but heard the description of narcissism in the "pathology" Department of Freud's theory.
This field of science does not address the mentally fully intact, perfect nature-loving creatures and the vital functions of their findings Nisa Europe, but with our on narcissism and many replacement needs of those suffering patriarchal society - the phenomenon of so-called instinct Vera Mung, in which our neuroses and subsume all possible degeneracies. This fact Freud was able at that stage of the science is not clear. But is also one of its most critical social work: The discomfort in the culture - an aspect of the phenomenon of "pleasure" is, namely a clearly negative. 'Pure spirit', however, considers it is a pleasure to read them.
3 - The reality principle
The reality principle is the theory of classical psychoanalysis, one of the two principles that govern the psychic. It forms a pair with the pleasure principle.
sense definition of the principle
In contrast to the pleasure principle, which proceeds from it and is not geared to the surrounding reality, represents the reality principle, a behavior pattern as to the the ego or consciousness is. The reality principle is in the course of the intellectual maturation of the self through its engagement with the environment for the application and is therefore as part of self. It is the characteristic function of the ego, to satisfy the different impulses of the id dominant political environment - the "reality" - to have taken account of their distinctive content for that purpose under this custom or unusable.
operation
The factors of the specific situation will be evaluated for this purpose partly aware of some other act on the internal design of the overall image of the "reality" of the pre-conscious impulses of the superego with one. The latter are among others from the acquired or instilled values, but apart from that general from all the "experience" gained in the man in the course of its development and thus the superego marked. Is the ego to fulfill one of the requirements of the ES is not currently possible because a specific given situations speaks on the part of the environment on the other hand, it can be a time lag of gratification or "sublimating" reversal of energy to another of the 6 * perform various basic needs (cf / * this also for the relationship question "Monkey Man" , http://freenet-homepage.de/traumdeutung.fuer.einsteiger/pg004.html und die Diskussion zur Instinktreduktion , http://freenet-homepage.de/Traumanalyse-Seelenmodell/pg005.html
Versagen des Ichs
Ein anderer Fall liegt bei den sittlich motivierten Inhalten des Über-Ichs vor, die sich nach Freud unter dem Moralitätsprinzip subsummieren und den Ansprüchen des ES - speziell seinen körperlichen Lustbedürfnissen - von Innen heraus geradezu feindlich gegenüber stehen und das Ich veranlassen können, ihre Verdrängung ins Unbewusste zu bewirken. Der Beweggrund dieses den Abwehrmechanismen zugerechneten Phänomens ist die Schwächung oder Ausschaltung der Schuldgefühle, die das Ich, hervorgerufen durch die in sein Über-Ich verinnerlichte Erziehung, empfindet, sobald es mit den vom Es ausgehenden 'Versuchungen' konfrontiert wird, dessen triebhaften Begierden nachzugeben.
Wiederaufrichten des Ichs
Bei seinem Streben, das mit solcher Verdrängung verbundene neurotische Leiden und die Unfähigkeit einer bewusst gewollten Sublimation (s.o.) ursächlich aufzuklären und zu heilen, entdeckte Freud die intellektuelle Aufgabe des Ichs, für die Befriedigung der Lustbestrebungen des Es die Realität berücksichtigen zu müssen - respektive "reale" (umgebende) Phänomene von 'irrealen' ('Einbildungen', wie die der Kindheit feelings of guilt descended from) distinguished. Consequently, he placed himself in the design of psychoanalysis, the so-called "primacy of the intellect" - the highest form of the reality principle. (See eg The Ego and the ). So this means no repeal of the pleasure principle, but rather complement each other in this ES and I, by the former from the latter is adjusted according to the particular environment - this leads up to the most serious "narcissistic wound" / sa http://die-narzisstische-kraenkung.blogspot . com /
.....................................
alternative draft of the chapter about it here:
The reality principle
Das Realitätsprinzip ist nach der Theorie der klassischen Psychoanalyse eines der beiden Prinzipien, die das psychische Geschehen beherrschen. Es bildet ein Paar mit dem Lustprinzip, welche durch das Realitätsprinzip verwirklicht wird. Das Realitäsprinzip gilt als Teil des Ichs. Gemäß dem Realitätsprinzip werden Bestrebung des Lustprinzips, welche aus dem Es stammen nach den Erfordernissen der Umwelt angepasst.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
* 1 Sinnbestimmung des Prinzips
* 2 Hindernisse
* 3 Arbeitsweise
== Sinnbestimmung des Prinzips ==
Im Gegensatz zu dem Lustprinzip, das vom Es ausgeht und bei seinem Streben nach Lustgewinn die umgebenden Realität nicht zu berücksichtigen vermag, stellt das im Dienste eben dieser Leistung stehende Realitätsprinzip ein Verhaltensschema dar, das vom Ich bzw. Bewusstsein verwirklicht wird. Das Realitätsprinzip kommt im Laufe der Reifung des Ichs, die dieses aufgrund intellektueller Beanspruchung erlangt, zur Geltung. Es bezieht sich dabei nicht nur auf die Wahrnehmung der aktuellen Realität (momentanes Klima, Gebräuche, Sitten des kulturellen Kontextes usw.), sondern wird auch beeinflußt von den im Laufe der Zeit gesammelten Erfahrungen, die gemäß der Freudschen Theorie in das sog. Über-Ich aufbewahrt werden. Günstigen Falls ergänzen diese durch den Vorgang der Prägung verinnerlichten Inhalte des Über-Ichs, the ego with him his characteristic task for the satisfaction of instincts or innate needs of the id dominant political environment - the reality - must be taken into account.
== obstacles ==
A problem arises the ego in Freud's theory is often the fact that much of the content come from the super-ego of a person from our culture's moral / ethical education - that is, after Freud, the ES and his pleasure principle their engines running because of hostility against. For this situation arises which I have a possible conflict between the demands of IT and its super-ego, which he does not light, the immanent reality principle to realize: it obeys the pure ES, the person in question the habits and customs were acting contrary to its culture, and risk being punished for it. If he did, however pure the demands of his moral superego sufficiently characterized this as "going at the expense of the inherent needs - the result would be suffering. (See also daszu "The malaise in the culture.")
to realize operation == ==
To the task of the ego, the factors of each situation concretely given part consciously valued rational act on the other part internal design of the whole picture of reality, the pulses of the superego with one. The latter are the top Said above all in the independently acquired or instilled values, but apart from that general from all the experience gained by the person in the course of its development, on them the super-ego based. Is the ego to satisfy claims of the ES is not currently possible because a given situation on the part of the environment on the other hand, speaks live out the need safely to, it can make a postponement of gratification, or the deflection of the drive power from the hindered need channel a cause currently free. Such sublimation is, in its broadest sense, an "abstinence" based on respect of the original target drive, deren beispielsweise sexuelle oder eigentlich zur Nahrunsgaufnahme gerichtet gewesene Energie sich anstatt dessen etwa als künstlerische Betätigung, Forschung usw. verwirklicht.
Da die moralischen Inhalte des Über-Ich den ''ursprünglichen'' Begehren des Es meist kategorisch ablehnend gegenüber stehen, indem ersteres - nach den Vorgaben der moralisch erziehenden Eltern - einen Einfluss auf das Ich in Form z.B. von Schuldgefühlen ausübt ('Gewissensbisse'; Strafängste), kann sich das Ich nun unter dieser Bedrohung genötigt sehen, verschiedenste Abwehrmechanismen anzuwenden. Das Ziel dieser Leistungen besteht also allgemein aus der Schwächung oder Ausschaltung der Schuldgefühle; sie können as this - even entirely, to avoid that the child's sense of self begins to build on its the "pre-consciousness," stated limit to the Unconscious, an obstacle which the instinctive impulses of the future to prevent it from their consciousness at all. The result of these once made the "displacement" would thus be a morally compliant behavior with the lack of guilt, respectively. As this is the cost of the ES would go to the pleasure principle offenders, now appears to be a ME, which preconscious later to become such (It) took defensive measures to fail with regard to the reality principle.
It also seems such a displacement is no longer permitted to the Frustration drove on the way to work around a sublimation, as this procedure according to Freud, is one of the benefits of the ego, to be totally completed aware. Somewhat suppressed but defies the self-consciousness, so there is a risk of neurotic compulsions - "Ticks" and other forms of "replacement needs", in which discharges the accumulated in the unconscious instinctual energy without controlling can intervene.
Thus, psychoanalysis strives for the detection of this often with great suffering associated pathological processes, trying to make the repressed consciousness accessible again, it seems the failure of the ego in implementing its reality principle counter and submits to both the pleasure principle. Freud called the way to it sometimes the "primacy of the intellect."
